{"id":32750,"date":"2023-10-19T05:11:57","date_gmt":"2023-10-19T05:11:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.process.st\/templates\/acc-aha-guidelines-for-preoperative-cardiac-risk-assessment\/"},"modified":"2024-03-05T14:41:47","modified_gmt":"2024-03-05T14:41:47","slug":"acc-aha-guidelines-for-preoperative-cardiac-risk-assessment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.process.st\/templates\/acc-aha-guidelines-for-preoperative-cardiac-risk-assessment\/","title":{"rendered":"ACC\/AHA Guidelines for Preoperative Cardiac Risk Assessment"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section id=\"review-patients-medical-history\"> \n <h2>Review patient's medical history<\/h2>\n <div class=\"text-content\">\n   Review the patient's medical history to gather information about any previous cardiac events, chronic illnesses, medications, or allergies. This helps in assessing the patient's baseline health and identifying any potential risk factors for complications during surgery. \n <\/div> \n <div class=\"textarea-field-content form-field-content\"> \n  <div class=\"form-group\"> <label> History of cardiac events, chronic illnesses, medications, or allergies <\/label> <textarea placeholder=\"Something will be typed here...\" rows=\"3\" disabled class=\"form-control\"><\/textarea> \n  <\/div> \n <\/div> \n <div class=\"multi-select-content form-field-content\"> \n  <div class=\"form-group\"> <label> Medical conditions to consider <\/label> \n  <\/div> \n  <ul class=\"items\"> \n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       1 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Hypertension \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       2 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Coronary artery disease \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       3 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Heart failure \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       4 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Valvular heart disease \n    <\/div> <\/li> \n  <\/ul> \n <\/div> \n <div class=\"multi-select-content form-field-content\"> \n  <div class=\"form-group\"> <label> Medications and allergies to consider <\/label> \n  <\/div> \n  <ul class=\"items\"> \n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       1 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Beta blockers \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       2 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      ACE inhibitors \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       3 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Aspirin \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       4 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Allergic to latex \n    <\/div> <\/li> \n  <\/ul> \n <\/div> \n<\/section> \n<section id=\"perform-a-physical-examination-of-the-patient\"> \n <h2>Perform a physical examination of the patient<\/h2>\n <div class=\"text-content\">\n   Conduct a thorough physical examination of the patient, focusing on cardiovascular health. This includes checking blood pressure, heart rate, and listening for abnormal heart sounds. A physical examination helps in identifying any signs of cardiac dysfunction or disease that may impact the surgical outcome. \n <\/div> \n <div class=\"multi-select-content form-field-content\"> \n  <div class=\"form-group\"> <label> Physical examination components <\/label> \n  <\/div> \n  <ul class=\"items\"> \n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       1 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Blood pressure measurement \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       2 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Heart rate and rhythm assessment \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       3 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Evaluation of heart sounds \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       4 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Assessment of peripheral pulses \n    <\/div> <\/li> \n  <\/ul> \n <\/div> \n<\/section> \n<section id=\"determine-patients-current-functional-capacity\"> \n <h2>Determine patient's current functional capacity<\/h2>\n <div class=\"text-content\">\n   Assess the patient's current functional capacity, which reflects their ability to tolerate the physiological stress of surgery. This is crucial in evaluating the patient's risk for perioperative cardiac events and determining the appropriate level of preoperative cardiac optimization. \n <\/div> \n <div class=\"select-field-content form-field-content\"> \n  <div class=\"form-group\"> <label> Functional capacity level <\/label> <select disabled class=\"form-control\"> <option value=\"An option will be selected here\">An option will be selected here<\/option> <\/select> \n  <\/div> \n  <ul class=\"items\"> \n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       1 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      High \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       2 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Intermediate \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       3 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Low \n    <\/div> <\/li> \n  <\/ul> \n <\/div> \n<\/section> \n<section id=\"identify-the-presence-of-diabetes-or-kidney-disease\"> \n <h2>Identify the presence of diabetes or kidney disease<\/h2>\n <div class=\"text-content\">\n   Check for the presence of diabetes or kidney disease as they are significant risk factors for perioperative cardiac complications. Both conditions require careful management during the perioperative period to minimize adverse outcomes. \n <\/div> \n <div class=\"multi-choice-content form-field-content\"> \n  <div class=\"form-group\"> <label> Presence of diabetes or kidney disease <\/label> <select disabled class=\"form-control\"> <option value=\"\">Multiple options can be selected from this list<\/option> <\/select> \n  <\/div> \n  <ul class=\"items\"> \n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       1 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Diabetes \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       2 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Chronic kidney disease \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       3 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Both \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       4 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      None \n    <\/div> <\/li> \n  <\/ul> \n <\/div> \n<\/section> \n<section id=\"collect-data-on-certain-known-cardiovascular-risk-factors\"> \n <h2>Collect data on certain known cardiovascular risk factors<\/h2>\n <div class=\"text-content\">\n   Gather information on specific cardiovascular risk factors that can impact the patient's surgical outcomes. These risk factors include smoking, obesity, family history of cardiovascular disease, and history of stroke. \n <\/div> \n <div class=\"multi-select-content form-field-content\"> \n  <div class=\"form-group\"> <label> Cardiovascular risk factors to evaluate <\/label> \n  <\/div> \n  <ul class=\"items\"> \n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       1 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Smoking status \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       2 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Body mass index (BMI) \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       3 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Family history of cardiovascular disease \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       4 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      History of stroke \n    <\/div> <\/li> \n  <\/ul> \n <\/div> \n<\/section> \n<section id=\"evaluate-the-type-of-surgery-for-its-cardiac-risk\"> \n <h2>Evaluate the type of surgery for its cardiac risk<\/h2>\n <div class=\"text-content\">\n   Assess the type of surgery the patient is scheduled to undergo to determine its associated cardiac risk. Certain surgical procedures, such as major vascular surgeries or complex cardiac surgeries, pose a higher risk and may require additional cardiac evaluations or interventions. \n <\/div> \n <div class=\"select-field-content form-field-content\"> \n  <div class=\"form-group\"> <label> Type of surgery <\/label> <select disabled class=\"form-control\"> <option value=\"An option will be selected here\">An option will be selected here<\/option> <\/select> \n  <\/div> \n  <ul class=\"items\"> \n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       1 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Minor procedure (e.g., cataract surgery) \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       2 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Intermediate procedure (e.g., hernia repair) \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       3 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Major procedure (e.g., coronary artery bypass graft) \n    <\/div> <\/li> \n  <\/ul> \n <\/div> \n<\/section> \n<section id=\"perform-noninvasive-stress-testing-if-required\"> \n <h2>Perform non-invasive stress testing if required<\/h2>\n <div class=\"text-content\">\n   If indicated based on the patient's clinical characteristics and surgical procedure, perform non-invasive stress testing to further assess the patient's cardiac function and identify any ischemic or arrhythmic abnormalities. Stress testing helps in risk stratification and guiding further management decisions. \n <\/div> \n <div class=\"select-field-content form-field-content\"> \n  <div class=\"form-group\"> <label> Indication for non-invasive stress testing <\/label> <select disabled class=\"form-control\"> <option value=\"An option will be selected here\">An option will be selected here<\/option> <\/select> \n  <\/div> \n  <ul class=\"items\"> \n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       1 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      High-risk surgery with poor functional capacity \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       2 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      History of ischemic heart disease \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       3 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Severe valvular heart disease \n    <\/div> <\/li> \n  <\/ul> \n <\/div> \n<\/section> \n<section id=\"determine-the-need-for-further-cardiovascular-evaluation\"> \n <h2>Determine the need for further cardiovascular evaluation<\/h2>\n <div class=\"text-content\">\n   Based on the preoperative risk assessment, decide whether the patient requires further cardiovascular evaluation by a cardiologist. This may include additional diagnostic testing or consultation for optimizing the patient's cardiac status before surgery. \n <\/div> \n <div class=\"select-field-content form-field-content\"> \n  <div class=\"form-group\"> <label> Need for further cardiovascular evaluation <\/label> <select disabled class=\"form-control\"> <option value=\"An option will be selected here\">An option will be selected here<\/option> <\/select> \n  <\/div> \n  <ul class=\"items\"> \n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       1 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Yes \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       2 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      No \n    <\/div> <\/li> \n  <\/ul> \n <\/div> \n<\/section> \n<section id=\"evaluate-other-clinical-factors-that-may-influence-perioperative-cardiac-risk\"> \n <h2>Evaluate other clinical factors that may influence perioperative cardiac risk<\/h2>\n <div class=\"text-content\">\n   Consider other clinical factors that may impact the patient's perioperative cardiac risk. These factors include advanced age, frailty, renal dysfunction, and the presence of other significant comorbidities. Assessing these factors helps in individualizing the patient's perioperative management. \n <\/div> \n <div class=\"multi-choice-content form-field-content\"> \n  <div class=\"form-group\"> <label> Other clinical factors to evaluate <\/label> <select disabled class=\"form-control\"> <option value=\"\">Multiple options can be selected from this list<\/option> <\/select> \n  <\/div> \n  <ul class=\"items\"> \n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       1 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Advanced age (\u2265 65 years) \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       2 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Frailty \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       3 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Renal dysfunction \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       4 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Significant comorbidities \n    <\/div> <\/li> \n  <\/ul> \n <\/div> \n<\/section> \n<section id=\"perform-echocardiography-if-indicated\"> \n <h2>Perform echocardiography if indicated<\/h2>\n <div class=\"text-content\">\n   If indicated based on the preoperative risk assessment, perform echocardiography to obtain detailed information about the patient's cardiac structure and function. Echocardiography helps in identifying any significant valvular abnormalities or systolic\/diastolic dysfunction that may impact perioperative care. \n <\/div> \n <div class=\"select-field-content form-field-content\"> \n  <div class=\"form-group\"> <label> Indication for echocardiography <\/label> <select disabled class=\"form-control\"> <option value=\"An option will be selected here\">An option will be selected here<\/option> <\/select> \n  <\/div> \n  <ul class=\"items\"> \n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       1 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Valvular heart disease \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       2 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Suspected ventricular dysfunction \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       3 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Infective endocarditis \n    <\/div> <\/li> \n  <\/ul> \n <\/div> \n<\/section> \n<section id=\"review-chest-xray-results\"> \n <h2>Review Chest X-Ray results<\/h2>\n <div class=\"text-content\">\n   Review the patient's Chest X-Ray results to assess the condition of the heart, lungs, and surrounding structures. Chest X-Ray findings can provide valuable information for perioperative cardiac risk assessment, especially in identifying cardiomegaly, pulmonary congestion, or signs of previous cardiac surgeries. \n <\/div> \n <div class=\"select-field-content form-field-content\"> \n  <div class=\"form-group\"> <label> Chest X-Ray findings <\/label> <select disabled class=\"form-control\"> <option value=\"An option will be selected here\">An option will be selected here<\/option> <\/select> \n  <\/div> \n  <ul class=\"items\"> \n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       1 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Cardiomegaly \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       2 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Pulmonary congestion \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       3 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Signs of previous cardiac surgery \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       4 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Normal \n    <\/div> <\/li> \n  <\/ul> \n <\/div> \n<\/section> \n<section id=\"conduct-consultation-with-a-cardiologist-if-required\"> \n <h2>Conduct consultation with a cardiologist if required<\/h2>\n <div class=\"text-content\">\n   If the preoperative risk assessment indicates the need for further cardiovascular evaluation or management, consult with a cardiologist to obtain expert advice. Collaboration with a cardiologist can optimize the patient's cardiac status and reduce the risk of perioperative cardiac events. \n <\/div> \n <div class=\"members-field-content form-field-content\"> \n  <div class=\"form-group\"> <label> Cardiologist for consultation <\/label> <select disabled class=\"form-control\"> <option value=\"A member or group will be selected here\">A member or group will be selected here<\/option> <\/select> \n  <\/div> \n <\/div> \n<\/section> \n<section id=\"decide-on-the-need-for-preoperative-medical-therapy\"> \n <h2>Decide on the need for preoperative medical therapy<\/h2>\n <div class=\"text-content\">\n   Based on the preoperative risk assessment, determine whether the patient requires any preoperative medical therapy to optimize their cardiac status. This may include medication adjustments, initiation of new therapies, or lifestyle modifications to reduce perioperative cardiac risks. \n <\/div> \n <div class=\"multi-choice-content form-field-content\"> \n  <div class=\"form-group\"> <label> Preoperative medical therapy required <\/label> <select disabled class=\"form-control\"> <option value=\"\">Multiple options can be selected from this list<\/option> <\/select> \n  <\/div> \n  <ul class=\"items\"> \n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       1 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Beta blockers \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       2 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Statins \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       3 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Aspirin \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       4 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Lifestyle modifications \n    <\/div> <\/li> \n  <\/ul> \n <\/div> \n<\/section> \n<section id=\"establish-a-plan-for-postoperative-cardiac-care\"> \n <h2>Establish a plan for postoperative cardiac care<\/h2>\n <div class=\"text-content\">\n   Develop a comprehensive plan for postoperative cardiac care to ensure optimal recovery and minimize the risk of complications. This may include close monitoring, medication adjustments, cardiac rehabilitation referrals, and appropriate follow-up appointments. \n <\/div> \n <div class=\"multi-select-content form-field-content\"> \n  <div class=\"form-group\"> <label> Components of postoperative cardiac care plan <\/label> \n  <\/div> \n  <ul class=\"items\"> \n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       1 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Intensive care unit (ICU) monitoring \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       2 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Medication adjustments \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       3 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Cardiac rehabilitation referral \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       4 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Follow-up appointment \n    <\/div> <\/li> \n  <\/ul> \n <\/div> \n<\/section> \n<section id=\"approval-cardiologist-for-the-preoperative-cardiac-risk-assessment\"> \n <h2>Approval: Cardiologist for the preoperative cardiac risk assessment<\/h2>\n <div class=\"approval-content\"> \n  <div class=\"header\"> \n   <div class=\"list-title\">\n    Will be submitted for approval:\n   <\/div> \n  <\/div> \n  <div class=\"approval-rule-subject-tasks-list\"> \n   <ul class=\"list\"> \n    <li> \n     <div class=\"approval-rule-subject-tasks-list-item\"> \n      <div class=\"item\"> \n       <div class=\"container\"> <span class=\"title\">Perform echocardiography if indicated<\/span> \n        <div class=\"body\">\n         Will be submitted\n        <\/div> \n       <\/div> \n      <\/div> \n     <\/div> <\/li>\n    <li> \n     <div class=\"approval-rule-subject-tasks-list-item\"> \n      <div class=\"item\"> \n       <div class=\"container\"> <span class=\"title\">Conduct consultation with a cardiologist if required<\/span> \n        <div class=\"body\">\n         Will be submitted\n        <\/div> \n       <\/div> \n      <\/div> \n     <\/div> <\/li> \n   <\/ul> \n  <\/div> \n <\/div> \n<\/section> \n<section id=\"inform-the-patient-and-the-surgical-team-about-the-risks-and-the-plan\"> \n <h2>Inform the patient and the surgical team about the risks and the plan<\/h2>\n <div class=\"text-content\">\n   Communicate the findings of the preoperative cardiac risk assessment to both the patient and the surgical team. Clearly explain the identified risks, the planned interventions, and the expected outcomes. This promotes shared decision-making and ensures everyone is well-informed. \n <\/div> \n <div class=\"email-field-content form-field-content\"> \n  <div class=\"form-group\"> <label> Patient's email address <\/label> \n   <input type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Something will be typed here...\" disabled class=\"form-control\"> \n  <\/div> \n <\/div> \n <div class=\"multi-select-content form-field-content\"> \n  <div class=\"form-group\"> <label> Information to communicate <\/label> \n  <\/div> \n  <ul class=\"items\"> \n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       1 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Preoperative cardiac risk assessment findings \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       2 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Planned interventions \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       3 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Expected outcomes \n    <\/div> <\/li> \n  <\/ul> \n <\/div> \n<\/section> \n<section id=\"document-the-preoperative-cardiac-risk-assessment\"> \n <h2>Document the preoperative cardiac risk assessment <\/h2>\n <div class=\"text-content\">\n   Thoroughly document the findings and recommendations of the preoperative cardiac risk assessment. This serves as a crucial record for future reference and ensures that the information is easily accessible to the healthcare team involved in the patient's perioperative care. \n <\/div> \n <div class=\"file-field-content form-field-content\"> \n  <div class=\"form-group\"> <label> Upload preoperative cardiac risk assessment document <\/label> \n   <div class=\"file-container\"> <button type=\"button\" disabled class=\"btn btn-default\"> <i class=\"fa fa-upload btn-icon\"><\/i> File will be uploaded here <\/button> \n   <\/div> \n  <\/div> \n <\/div> \n<\/section> \n<section id=\"schedule-the-surgery-if-all-parameters-are-acceptable\"> \n <h2>Schedule the surgery if all parameters are acceptable<\/h2>\n <div class=\"text-content\">\n   If all the parameters from the preoperative cardiac risk assessment meet the acceptable thresholds, proceed with scheduling the surgery. Ensure proper coordination with the surgical team, anesthesiologist, and other relevant healthcare providers to avoid any scheduling conflicts or delays. \n <\/div> \n <div class=\"date-field-content form-field-content\"> \n  <div class=\"form-group\"> <label> Scheduled surgery date <\/label> \n   <div class=\"date-container\"> <button type=\"button\" disabled class=\"btn btn-default\"> <i class=\"fa fa-calendar btn-icon\"><\/i> Date will be set here <\/button> \n   <\/div> \n  <\/div> \n <\/div> \n<\/section> \n<section id=\"initiate-necessary-preoperative-therapies\"> \n <h2>Initiate necessary preoperative therapies<\/h2>\n <div class=\"text-content\">\n   Initiate any necessary preoperative therapies based on the findings of the preoperative cardiac risk assessment. This may include medication optimization, smoking cessation counseling, or referral for cardiac interventions like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or valve replacement. \n <\/div> \n <div class=\"multi-select-content form-field-content\"> \n  <div class=\"form-group\"> <label> Preoperative therapies to initiate <\/label> \n  <\/div> \n  <ul class=\"items\"> \n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       1 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Medication optimization \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       2 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Smoking cessation counseling \n    <\/div> <\/li>\n   <li class=\"item\"> \n    <div class=\"step-number-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-number\">\n       3 \n     <\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"step-checkbox-container\"> \n     <div class=\"step-checkbox\"><\/div> \n    <\/div> \n    <div class=\"item-name-static\">\n      Referral for cardiac interventions \n    <\/div> <\/li> \n  <\/ul> \n <\/div> \n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Review patient's medical history Review the patient's medical history to gather information about any previous cardiac events, chronic illnesses, medications, or allergies. This helps in assessing the patient's baseline health and identifying any potential risk factors for complications during surgery. 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