
HAZOP, short for Hazard and Operability study, is a structured, team-based method for finding process hazards and operating problems by examining how a system could deviate from its design intent. It is a widely used qualitative risk-analysis technique standardized in IEC 61882 and recognized by OSHA process-safety rules.
A Harvard risk-analysis lesson once used a deliberately alarming example: dihydrogen monoxide can be dangerous in excess. The reveal is that dihydrogen monoxide is water. The point is not that ordinary water is secretly terrifying, but that risk depends on context, exposure, and controls. HAZOP gives a team a disciplined way to ask what could change, what could follow, and what should prevent harm.
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