
Flat design is a visual style that removes decorative depth, realistic textures, and ornamental effects in favor of simple shapes, clear typography, and direct hierarchy. Its roots run through Modernism, Mondrian, Swiss Style, early graphical interfaces, Microsoft Metro, and the sweeping redesigns that followed Windows 8 and iOS 7.
I first wrote about that history while using a Windows 8 laptop. Like many others, I hated it and thought it was the worst operating system since the not-so-distant Vista. With distance, though, it is easier to appreciate that Microsoft made a bold design decision that became influential even when the product around it was frustrating.
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